Sunday, January 19, 2020
Casey Anthony Essay
As seen on national television in 2011, Casey Anthony, well known for her trial that hooked the whole world, pleaded not-guilty in July of 2011 for the murder of her two year old daughter. Reported missing on July 15th 2008, Caylee Anthony was found and pronounced dead on December 11th 2008. Majority of the world would disagree with Casey Anthony pleading, and becoming not-guilty, while a few on the other hand would agree. On July 15th Caylee was reported missing by her grandmother Cindy. When Caylee was reported missing it was said that she had already been missing for 31 days. Cindy said that Caseyââ¬â¢s car smelled like ââ¬Å"a dead body had been inside it.â⬠Cindy said when she brought up not seeing Caylee in a while Casey had numerous explanations as to Cayleeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"whereaboutsâ⬠until finally admitting that she had not seen Caylee in weeks (that was when the report was made by concerned, Cindy.) Not only did Casey not even report her own daughter missing, it took extensive questioning from family until Casey told family that Caylee was in fact missing, What kind of caring mother would hide the fact that there child is and has been for some time, missing? Casey also showed no emotion during her trials, or while investigating, or being interviewed. She was caught in numerous lies with police investigators, and never helped/wanted to help, or even seemed concerned with investigators during the search. That is suspicious behavior of someone who clearly already knew the fate of Caylee. On top of acting uninterested by the search, investigators found that chloroform and neck breaking were both found on Caseyââ¬â¢s computer history. Large amounts of Chloroform were found in Caseyââ¬â¢s car. Chloroform vapors can be deadly causing respiratory or cardiac arrest. Minor symptoms it can cause are fatigue, dizziness and headache. This is not coincidental, the obvious evidence is right in front of the world, but how is this woman found not-guilty? Although some people believe that Casey is in fact not guilty because she had several much more reasonable and less drastic alternatives that would have kept her from getting in so much trouble, and believe that the findings were coincidental. In conclusion weather or not Casey Anthony murdered her daughter or not she is and will forever be pronounced not-guilty of her childââ¬â¢s murder. But would you let her babysit your child?
Friday, January 10, 2020
Tense and Aspect in English and Arabic
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Higher Education King Abdual Al. Aziz University Faculty of art and humanities English department Tense and aspect in English and Arabic By Aziza Attia Al. Zharani . Supervised : Dr. Salha Al. Qarni . 2011 objective methodology: Title of research : Tense and aspect in English and Arabic . Need for the study : the reasons that make to interest about the tense and aspect such as explain to definition and types in a tense and aspect in English and Arabic and structure the verb phrase in sentences in English and Arabic . The research will be includes: * Verb phrase in English . *tense and aspect in English . * Verb phrase in Arabic . *tense and aspect in Arabic . *conclusion . * bibliography. statement of the problem : tense and aspect in English and Arabic and some suggestion to solve the problem . disguise the difference in Arabic and explain the similar between two language . efinition of terms : tense :a morphological category so aorist tense means a particular form of the verb . aspect: a category used in describing how the action of a verb is marked. Verb phrase: Verb phrase consists of a verb and all the words and words groups that belong the verb and cluster around it. Hypothesis : -the research gives the students a brief glimpse of the theory and practice . -to explain the mistakes that most people felt in it ,a particular in tense and aspect and generally in much grammar. In the research try to solve some common mistakes. to study the difference structure in English and Arabic also tense and aspect . -the problem in a grammar make a problem in pronunciation and spelling so we need to treatment this point. Review of the related literature : -Abdullah ,a . Breaking The Arabic Code (verbs). The middle east . Palmwe, F . Apelican Original Grammer . 1971 . England . -Stageberg , n . An Introduction English Grammar. 1977. United states of American. -Tipping, L. (1927). A higher English grammar. Machillan & Co : London. -Tregi dgo, P. S. (1974). English Tense Usage: A Bull's-Eye View. ELT, 28, 97-107. -WWW. Vegasociety.Com/Arabicpast-Future Html Research methodology : Theoretical methods. Outline I. INTRODUTION . A . What is grammar . B. why to study grammar. II. Tense and aspect in English . 1- Verb phrase in English . 2-defination and examples tense and aspect in English . 3- types and examples tense and aspect in English. III. Tense and aspect in Arabic 1- Verb phrase in Arabic. 2-Definition and examples tense and aspect in Arabic . 3-Types and examples tense and aspect in Arabic . IV. A. Conclusion . B. references. Dedication Personally, I'd like to thank all those who have helped with their advice and efforts â⬠¦I'd like also to thank all the English staff, especially my instructor, Dr. Salhah Al . Qarni . for her valuable advice. For my parents, friends and everyone, I dedicate my research. 1. Introduction 1. 1 What is Grammar? Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe gramm ar as the ââ¬Å"rulesâ⬠of a language; but in fact no language has rules. If we use the word ââ¬Å"rulesâ⬠, we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences.No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time . What we call ââ¬Å"grammarâ⬠is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. we donââ¬â¢t need to study grammar became many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. Children as well start to speak before they even know the word ââ¬Å"grammarâ⬠. grammar can be thought of as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book . 1. 2 Why study grammar?If we learn ou r native language in the toddler years, then what's the point of learning about parts of speech and grammar in general? The answer to this question is simple . Firstly, it can help us in writing if we know how our language is correctly used. Conversation tends to be casual, but when we write letters, or job applications, or articles, it's important to know correct grammar if we are not to appear ignorant . Secondly, if you learn a foreign language when you're a teenager or adult, the grammar is likely to work differently. If you learn as a small child, you will understand this intuitively, as with a first language.But by the time we get to eight or nine, our brains have become somewhat hard-wired as far as language goes, and it's much more difficult to learn a new one. So it becomes important to see how the grammatical structure works ââ¬â and unless we understand English grammar first, that's almost impossible. Thirdly, it's interesting to study grammar . 2. The Verb phrase in English : In linguistics, a verb phrase or VP is a syntactic structure composed of the predicative elements of a sentence and its function is to provide information about the subject of the sentence. stageberg1977 ) As with all phrases, a verb phrase consists of more than one word. In English, most verb phrases are phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs consist of a verb plus one or two particles (a verb or adverb) which combine to form a meaning greater than the two words individually. They are divided into adverbial verbs (He is looking up') where the meanings are always literal and the expression could be replaced with the simple verb (to look) without losing any real meaning; prepositional verbs (he is picking on his friend) where there must always be an object and the particle cannot be separated from the verb (i. . *he is always picking him on, is not grammatically correct); true phrasal verbs (he is going out tonight with his friends) which may or may not have an object and where the o bject may go intbetween or after the preposition though object pronouns can only go before the pronoun) and prepositional phrasal verbs (I hope he doesn't run out of gas before he gets here) where the three elements cannot be separated and there is always an object. Most phrasal verbs are idiomatic . ( stageberg1977 ) Other verb phrases are phrases which do not behave like phrasal erbs and they Can consist of much more that two or three elements. Any verbal phrase is where the combined words take on a greater meaning than the implied significance of each individual word (idiomatic), though all elements behave as one verb would in a sentence. My friend's work is ââ¬Å"crossing the lineâ⬠. While crossing a line may have a literal sense in some contexts, such as an athlete crossing a line to win a race, in other contexts, ââ¬Å"crossing the lineâ⬠signifies ââ¬Å"to do something which most people would not consider properâ⬠. As with most such verbal phrases their mean ings are almost always idiomatic.In English as in other languages, verbal phrases can be colloquial and regional. Other examples of such verbal phrases (non phrasal verbs) are: * You are driving me bananas. * He always takes the high road. * Your friend is going to get whats coming to him. * It was shattered to pieces. Most such verbal phrases are the combination of a verb plus adverbial phrase, though not always. The Verb phrase in English also shows consist of tense and aspect . 3. Tense and Aspect 3. 1 definitions : In English, verbs have different forms to indicate continuousness, completeness, and time.Time can be expressed by tense whether present, past or future. On the other hand, continuousness can be expressed by the progressive aspect of the verb whereas completeness can be expressed by the perfective aspect of the verb. Tipping (1927) points out that the word tense is derived from the Latin word tempus which means time. The word tense is used in grammar books to indicate certain ââ¬Å"inflectionsâ⬠of the verb (125). According to Tregidgo tense refers to the ââ¬Å"correspondenceâ⬠between the form of the verb and time. Aspect is related to ââ¬Ëthe manner' in which the verb is considered ââ¬Å"completeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"in progress. (130) According to his, English has two simple tenses: the present and the past, and two ââ¬Å"markedâ⬠aspects: the progressive and the perfective (305, 306). Pullum define tense as â⬠a system where the basic or characteristic meaning of the terms is to locate the situation, or part of it, at some point or period of time. â⬠On the other hand, he define aspect as â⬠a system where the basic meanings have to do with the internal temporal constituency of the situation. â⬠In fact, the features of tense and aspect are interrelated. Sometimes, we cannot separate the present and past tenses from the progressive and perfective aspects.As we have noticed, many grammarians exclude the f uture from their analysis of tense because it is usually indicated by the modals shall and will. Palmer indicates that the present and past are â⬠comparable within the analysis, in that they exemplify the formal category of tense as established in the primary patternâ⬠(36). However, the forms I shall and I will belong to ââ¬Å"the secondary patterns. â⬠. 3. 2 makers of tense and aspect : There are two tenses in English: past and present. There is no obvious future tense corresponding to the time/tense relation forà à present and past. The future isà denoted yà means of modal auxiliaries as in (a), by simple present forms as in (b) orà à progressive forms as in (c) and (d): a. Ià willà goà toà school. (madalà auxiliary) b. Heà leavesà forà Londonà tomorrow . (simpleà presentà ) c. c. Ità isà goingà toà rain. d. d. Theà trainà isà leavingà tonight. English has the following aspects: progressive, and pefective. Aspect is shown by the use of suffixes {-ing} and {-ed} and/orà auxiliary words be and have as in: a. areà running. b. hasà played. English tense and aspect are summarized below. 3. 2 . 1The Present In the Simple Present, only the third person singular is marked for tense by theà suffix ââ¬â S3}, e. g. :à I play, we play,à you play,à theyà play, he plays, she plays, it plays. The morpheme {-S3} has the same allomorphs in the same distribution as the plural suffix {-S1} andà possessive suffix -{S2} of the noun. (Tregidgo 1974) /-s/, /-z/, /-iz/,as in sleeps,à brushes, changes, raises. The majority of modal auxiliaries are said to have tense. The auxiliaries Can ,may, shall, will , mustà are usedà in theà present tense. They precede the main verb and give it special shades of meaning like futurity, volition,à possibility, probability, permission, and necessity.The auxiliaries can, may, shall, will ,and mustà are not inflected for tense, e. g. I can, we can ; you can; they can, he can, she can, it can. The three quasi auxiliaries be, do, have often function as auxiliaries. Theà presentà formà of à Have and do are only inflected forà third person singular nouns, and words for which the third person singular pronouns will substitute and word groups. I have, we have,à you have, they have, he has, she has, it has; I do, we do, you do, they do, heà does, she does,à it does. Be has three suppletive forms in theà present tense as follows:I am, we are, you are, they are ,he is, she is, it is. Quasi auxiliaries may precede the verb stem, the presentà participle, and the past participle, e. g. I do insist; They are playing;à He has eaten. The quasi auxiliary do is used in questions, negative sentences, and emphatic affirmations. Do you know theà answer? She didn't do it. I did see him. 3. 2. 2 The Past The Simple Past form takes on two forms: regular and irregular. The regular form endsà with the suffix {-ed}à as inà played, walked, closed. The pastà tense suffixà -ed is pronounced [t]à after a voiceless consonant as in stopped, possessed, marked; it sà pronounced [d] after a voiced consonant as in believed, closed,à played, and it is pronounced 4676 after another /t/, /d/ as in started, landed. The irregular past tenseà takes on numerous forms:à some verb sremain the same, some form their past by a suppletive form, somere place their entire stem by a wholly different stem as in go, went, e. g. , went, ran, taught, wrote, smelt, took, made, said,à left, sent, spoke, met, drew, began, set. The past tense form of the verb is not inflected(marked) for theà first, second or thirdà person nouns or pronouns. (Tregidgo 1974)The past tense form of the modal auxiliaries can, may, shall, will, must are could, might, should, would, ought. Mustà and ought (to) do not haveà parallel forms, like the others. To expressà the past tense ofà mustà , in the the sense of necessity, o ne says had to, e. g. : You ought to take the medicine. You ought to /should haveà taken the medicine. The past tense form of the quasi auxiliaries be, do and have are: had; was, were; didà . Theseà past formsà may precede theà verb stem , the present participle, and the past Participle . The quasi auxiliary Do is used in questions, negative sentences, and emphatic ffirmations. Did you know theà answer ? She didn't do it. I did see him. These past tense forms are not marked in accordance with the subject. 3. 2. 3 The Progressive The present and past progressive consist of à be + presentà participleà theà {ing}à form . Sevenà suppletive à formsà of be ââ¬â am, is, are, was , were, be , been are used as the first member of the verb phrases. e. only the first member of the verbal phrase is inflected in accordance with the subject. The second member being does not change . the present participle suffix {-ing} does not change as well.When auxiliaries are employed in groups of two or three, the following obligatory sequence is followed: be + present participle. 3. 2. 4 perpective The past and the present perfect consist ofà Have+ pastà participle. The past participle is the {-ed} form of the verb. Three forms of have -have, has, had- serve as the first member of the verbà phrase. The first memberà has changesà in accordance withà the subject; the second member which consists of the past participle of the main verb does not. When auxiliaries are used in groups of two or three, the following obligatory sequence is ollowed : have + past participle. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 4. The verb phrase in Arabic Learning theà Arabic Verbsà is very important, because their structure is used in every day conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Arabic language . But first we need to know what's the role of verbs in the structure of the grammar in Arabic. Arabic verbs are word s that convey action (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of being (exist, stand). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or objectArabic to has only 2 times, the perfect and the imperfect, but there is a difference, in the west people look at the points in time in where an action takes place, the Arabs however look at the aspect of a verb meaning they ask: Is the action finished or not (They donââ¬â¢t ask themselves when did it finish or not). Of course a finished action corresponds with the past as does a unfinished action with the present, but not necessarily so. Here are some examples: English Verbs| Arabic Verbs| Verbs | ââ¬â alaaf'aal| Past| ââ¬â almaatheee| I spoke| ââ¬â tahadatht|Arabic verb conjugation is a bit complex, although very regular the so called semivowels alif, waw and ya and the glottal stop hamza cause irregularity in Arabic verb conjugation . The simplest Arabic verb consists out of three consonants like KaTaBa meaning hewrote or he has written. The past tense is conjugated by suffixes, the present tense by prefixes. The Arabs use the verb fa3ala (to do) to represent all possible forms a verb may have. The problem lies in the fact that any of those root consonants might be an hamza, the glottal stop or an alif, a waw or a ya, the so called semi-consonants.They might be retained or disappear according to certain rules. Arabic verbs have ten (even more) forms. To give you an example,third rule allama means to know, The second form allama with the second consonant doubled means to let know meaning to teach, the fifth form ta3allama means to let your self know meaning to study! The tenth form istaf3ala means in general to think to act out an action described by the verb, so istahhasana to think to be beatifull from hhasana to be beautiful . (Abdullah ) List of Verbs in ArabicBelow is a list of the conjugated verbs in the present , past and future in Arabic placed in table. English Verbs| Arabic Verbs| I can accept that| /iomkin an aqbalah| she added it| /waadaafat anah| we admit it| /nahn na'tarif bithalik| they advised him| /waashaarowa ââ¬Ëalaih| he will go / sawfa yathhabu Verbs in the present past and future tense have a very important role in Arabic, therefore they need very special attention. 5. Tense and aspect in Arabic : . 1 Verb conjugation : In Arabic verbs take their infinitive form by using the past form of that verb and conjugate it to the third person singular ââ¬Å"heâ⬠, to make it simple here is an example: to draw = rasama = (he drew), to write = kataba (he wrote) = . daraba (to hit)â⬠¦ Most verbs in Arabic have a three letters root or stem, there are also verbs containing more than three letters in their root (stem) but we will start with verbs consisting of a three consonant stem, also called trilateral verbs, since the trilateral verbs (containing three consonant ) are the most common.In Arabic we use a ââ¬Å"masdarâ⬠ââ¬Å"sourceâ⬠to show how a verb is conjugated and what forms it takes, normally for a three letters verb we use: faââ¬â¢ala = = to do (literally in Arabic it means ââ¬Å"he didâ⬠), This verb is used as an example or model to help us know how to conjugate other verbs having the same characteristics. We take for instance the verb: to draw = rasama = as you can see it in Arabic it has only three consonant (R ? , S ? , M ? ), this verb sounds exactly like our model verbs (faââ¬â¢ala when it comes to its vowels, and thatââ¬â¢s all we care about, ignore the similarity or difference in the consonants, what matters is the similarity in the vowels and the number of letters, because you will replace the consonant in our examples and put your own there, to make it more simple we will take a random word phonetically similar to our verb ââ¬Å"faââ¬â¢alaâ⬠ââ¬Å"lalalaâ⬠sounds like ââ¬Å"rasamaâ⬠if you compare its vowels and the number of consonants, other examples are: dahaba (to go), haraba (to run away), kataba (to write), nasaha (to advise), daraba to hit), in fact most Arabic verbs are formed this way. They all seem to have the same tune. Now to form the present tense with this kind of verbs, we first take our stem from the verb, in other words, extract all vowels from the verb, for example the verb to draw = rasama, once weextract all vowels we will end up having ââ¬Å"rsmâ⬠, now this stem is ready to be modeled. Look at the table below: 5. 2 Arabic Present tense: To form the present tense in Arabic you need to extract the stem from the verb in the infinitive first, for example: To draw = rasama Stem is rsm, now letââ¬â¢s look at the table below to see how this verb is conjugated in this tense: ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Present Tense in Arabic| Singular| Dual| Plural| I draw = ar sumu you draw (singular masculine) = tarsumuyou draw (singular feminine) = tarsumeenahe draws = yarsumushe draws = tarsumu| you draw (dual male or female) = tarsumanithey draw (dual male or female) = yarsumani| we draw = narsumuyou draw (plural masculine) = tarsumunayour draw (plural feminine) = tarsumnathey draw (plural masculine) = yarsumunathey draw (plural feminine) = yarsumna| Each form of the verb rasama above contains:Blue font (thatââ¬â¢s what you need to keep, the blue font shouldnââ¬â¢t be modified or removed from verb, it stays the same) Red font (thatââ¬â¢s what you need to delete and add your own consonant of the verb you chose to conjugate: kataba ? ktb, haraba ? hrbâ⬠¦) Green font (you can keep that one too, but not all the time, sometimes it becomes ââ¬Å"aâ⬠or ââ¬Å"iâ⬠instead of ââ¬Å"uâ⬠depending on the verb) We noticed that the ââ¬Å"rsâ⬠of the stem ââ¬Å"rsmâ⬠are always together, thatââ¬â¢s the case with all tri lateral verbs (verbs with three consonants, which are the most frequently used verbs in Arabic) he first and second consonant go together, so you can use this table with other verbs as well by replacing the letters in red (the stem we used before) and put your own verb stem instead. The vowel in green may change to ââ¬Å"aâ⬠or ââ¬Å"iâ⬠depending on the verb, like for example for the verb nasaha (to advise) instead of using the ââ¬Å"uâ⬠in green we have to change it to ââ¬Å"aâ⬠I advise = ansahu, you advise = tansahuâ⬠¦(and not ansuhu .. tansuhu) and so onâ⬠¦ (Note that the stem here is ââ¬Å"n. s. hâ⬠as we mentioned earlier), for the verb daraba (to hit) we use ââ¬Å"iâ⬠instead, I hit = adribu, he hits = yadribu. and not adrubu)â⬠¦ In case you think that this is too complicated, I will tell you that itââ¬â¢s not something unusual, and if youââ¬â¢re a native or learned Spanish, French, German or even English before, you will notice that the vowel in the middle of some verbs sometimes donââ¬â¢t really follow the rule . English: simply take the verb ââ¬Å"to goâ⬠I go, you go, he gos? Of course not, the right form is he goes as you know. All these examples are not considered irregularities but semi irregularities, which means that theyââ¬â¢re modified only for phonetic and synthetic reasons).If you donââ¬â¢t know how to extract the stem from a verb (even though itââ¬â¢s very easy) we will go through it now: by omitting all vowels from these verbs we will have: dhb = dahaba (to go), hrb = haraba (to run away), ktb = kataba (to write), nsh = nasaha (to advise), drb = daraba (to hit). Easy! The second person singular masculine ââ¬Å"youâ⬠is conjugated the same way the third person singular feminine ââ¬Å"sheâ⬠does. Tarsumu = you draw (singular masculine) and also means she draws. 5. 3 The past Tense in Arabic: To form the past tense in Arabic you need to extract the stem from the verb in the infinitive first, for example:To write = kataba ? stem is ktb, now letââ¬â¢s look at the table below to see how this verb is Conjugated in this tense: (vegasociety. com/arabicpast-futurehtml) Past Tense in Arabic| Singular| Dual| Plural| I wrote = katabtuyou wrote (singular masculine) = katabtayou wrote (singular feminine) = katabtihe wrote = katabashe wrote = katabat| you wrote (dual male or female) = katabtumaathey wrote (dual male or female) = katabaa| we wrote = katabnayou wrote (plural masculine) = katabtumyour wrote (plural feminine) = katabtunnathey wrote (plural masculine) = katabouthey wrote (plural feminine) = katabna| This is very easy and simple!You can put almost all trilateral Arabic verbs in this table. First take the verb you want to conjugate, extract all its 3 consonants, put them in place of the 3 red consonant on the table above. As you may have noticed, look at how the three consonants are spread in the word katabtu, consonant+ vowel+ co nsonant+ vowel+ consonantâ⬠¦ I will make the same note I made before in the present tense, you will have to change the vowel n the green font into ââ¬Å"iâ⬠, the only difference this time is that you wonââ¬â¢t have to do it that often as the case with the present tense, because the ââ¬Å"aâ⬠is more used. Do you remember the two verbs (to advise = nasaha, and to hit = daraba) that we conjugated differently in the present tense, in the past tense they can be conjugated the same way as rasama & kataba , like I said before many verbs will follow the general rules of the table above when it comes to the past tense unlike the present tense.To conjugate your own trilateral verb into the past tense go to the table and have your verb stem ready (donââ¬â¢t tell me you forgot how to make a stem from a trilateral verb)It should contain three consonant and no vowels, if you want to conjugate it in the paste tense then replace the first consonant on the table above in red à ¢â¬Å"kâ⬠with the first consonant of the stem you have of your own verb, then replace ââ¬Å"tâ⬠with the second consonant you have, finally replace ââ¬Å"bâ⬠with the last consonant you have, and thatââ¬â¢s it!Example: I wrote = katabtu , if you want to use ââ¬Å"I wentâ⬠(1 step is to find the verb to go in the Arabic infinitive: the verb is dahaba = to go, 2: the stem is dhb, 3: omit the (k, t, b) stem in the table above and put yours, you will easily get ? dahabtu!! ) Note: in case youââ¬â¢re confused whether to replace the ââ¬Å"aâ⬠in the green font with ââ¬Å"iâ⬠or not, I would just tell you that if youââ¬â¢re a beginner just leave the ââ¬Å"aâ⬠, because ââ¬Å"aâ⬠is the most common, but I would also suggest to read more about the forms that most of verbs take so that you will easily decide whether to put ââ¬Å"aâ⬠or ââ¬Å"iâ⬠when conjugating verbs into the past tense in Arabic. . 4 Future Tense in Arabic: To form the Arabic future tense simply use: sa or sawfa + (the verb in present tense). Examples: sa aktubu (I will write), sa adhabu (I will go), or if you want to use sawfa: sawfa aktubu (I will go), sawfa adhabu (I will go). Isnââ¬â¢t that a piece of cake! There is no difference between sa and sawfa, to make it easy you can choose to use sa most of the time so that you wonââ¬â¢t get confused. conclusion:At the end of this clarifying research paper, I can conclude that the tense and aspect in English and Arabic is different and similar in something . It is very important to notice differences between two language . Other conclusions are the following: -the research gives the students a brief glimpse of the theory and practice . -to explain the mistakes that most people felt in it ,a particular in tense and aspect and generally in much grammar. In the research try to solve some common mistakes. -to study the difference structure in English and Arabic. the problem in a grammar make a problem in pronunciation and spelling so we need to treatment this point. References -Abdullah ,a . Breaking The Arabic Code (verbs). The middle east . Palmwe, F . Apelican Original Grammer . 1971 . England . -Stageberg , n . An Introduction English Grammar. 1977. United states of American. -Tipping, L. (1927). A higher English grammar. Machillan & Co : London. -Tregidgo, P. S. (1974). English Tense Usage: A Bull's-Eye View. ELT, 28, 97-107. -WWW. Vegasociety. Com/Arabicpast-Future Html
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Case Study Help Free - Overview
Case Study Help Free - Overview The Downside Risk of Case Study Help Free If you do any form of work on yourself, you need to clear away all distractions. The majority of when you feel lost, it is simply a single concept which you're missing, so get help quickly. NEVER work a problem that you can't check! Often there are numerous methods for working the identical problem. Things You Won't Like About Case Study Help Free and Things You Will SAT prep games can be useful in targeting specific abilities or concepts that you've got trouble with. Arrive at the test early so you can be relaxed while the exam begins. The reality is that there are hardly any test-prep games which will actually provide considerable help on the SAT. There are, generally speaking, three things that result in a very good prep game. My aim is to spend less and time by bypassing remedial math. Out of the suggestionsoffered, you can select those which can help you most, and since you locate your work improving, you can beable to try additional suggestions. As time continues, a growing number of practice materials unique to the present variant of the PSAT is going to be released. If there's a difference of opinion concerning the suitable answer, the SME can supply the answer then. All the participants don't need to all agree with the chosen answer, they simply must be able to spell out the rationale for their choices. There are many reasons why you must prefer our services. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. The Hidden Treasure of Case Study Help Free There's a matching game and a game in which you prevent asteroids from hitting Earth by typing the right answer. When you're taking notes, be certain you do n ot miss whatever is said as you are doing this. Your orders will be carried out exactly as you desire. Just because something doesn't have any use in 1 area of you home doesn't signify it might not be useful in another. Looking forward a couple of years, it's only likely to get increasingly more challenging in high school to stay on top of higher-level math demands. The pace is much faster in college and keeping current with assignments can help you to better understand what's happening in class. The only means to find past math anxiety is to create proper study skills. For instance, the birthday problem is a famed math problem based on the grounds that at least two students in a classroom is going to have the identical birthday. As a result, the study skills you have to succeed in math are also unique. Now is a great time to receive your child some math help just a little tutoring now to create skills and help your son or daughter understand the new math concepts they're facing will go a very long approach to prepare them for even more challenging math concepts in high school. The reward of tutoring centers is they are a good way for students to drill in their weak regions of reading and math. EduwizardS on-line homework help has become the preferred selection for thousands of students in the united states and elsewhere. Additionally, there are many SAT games which are very focused on vocab. One of the absolute most important requirements for mastering SAT Math is having a good knowledge of the crucial formulas and understanding how to apply them. As there are just two official PSAT practice tests currently available, I would advise saving them until you've completed some initial studying. Beyond ful l SATs, there are several math SAT problems readily available online. Math is one particular subject that normally requires homework. Math becomes increasingly complex as time passes. Math is different than every other subject. Math is quite a sequential subject. What the books lack are refreshers of the simple material required to address the tougher troubles and THOROUGH explanations on the best way to fix. The preceding articles focused on the initial two challenges. Case studies aren't tough to write. While deciding upon the topic a student must make certain that there are tons of books, journal articles and magazine articles readily available on the chosen topic. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. Many procedures utilized for solving one mathematical problem can be employed to address other math troubles. Following are a few suggestions for getting the most from the time spent on homework. Listed below are tips for how to begin solving math issues.
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Essay on Factors and Key Players in the American Revolution
Rise to Rebellion The road to independence was a struggle for the American colonists. It marked not only the end of a tyrannical rule by King George, but also the creation of a world power. This voyage to democracy began in Boston, Massachusetts in 1770, after Captain Thomas Preston was accused of commanding his troops to fire on a mob of rioting civilians led by the rebel group the Sons of Liberty. This event, known as the Boston Massacre started one of the greatest uprisings in history. Preston sought out John Adams as his lawyer. Revolutionaries like Benjamin Franklin, George Washington and General Thomas Gage all possessed certain qualities that paved the way for what American independence. At first, the disorganized colonies leadâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In 1774 when the continental congress met for the first time this unifying factor was made known to prominent leaders from the thirteen colonies. These men would later use this one simple word, liberty, to craft what we n ow know as the United States of America. ââ¬Å"As the boundaries between them fell, the people began to understand what Lord North and King George did not; there was a reason to become united. The alarm had been sounded. They had a cause,â⬠(Shaara pg 188) A few key men played increasingly important roles in this unification as the revolution progressed. Benjamin Franklin was a thinker; he came up with numerous ideas and inventions to enhance the lives of the people he served. One encounter that showed his true character was when Franklin received a letter from the Peopleââ¬â¢s Assembly of Massachusetts to be their agent and represent them to the king. When Franklin accepts this offer, he goes to Lord Hillsborough for his appointment and Hillsborough basically said that the letter was wrong. Being a representative of the colonies was Franklinââ¬â¢s way of voicing his thoughts but it would have also brought him closer to the king. Franklin knew that there was a decision he had to make. In order to support the c olonies he had to risk his own repulation to make an impact and fight for freedom. He and the other founding fathers were willing to sacrifice everything and ultimately created the worldââ¬â¢s greatestShow MoreRelatedMid-term Paper1226 Words à |à 5 PagesThis editorial piece critically describes the purpose, approach and findings of the report. It then focuses on the details of three aspects; weak Canadian business research and development, the firm-centric model in an innovation ecosystem and the key trends that will drive sciences and technology policy in and business innovation the future. Finally it will assess the proposed recommendations as compared to what science and technology theory has suggested. The main purpose of the study was explainingRead MoreWal Mart : A Retail Conglomerate1271 Words à |à 6 Pagesperformance were headed in opposite directions. Furthermore, there are a number of other factors, such as economic, technological, and socio-cultural, that contribute to the revolution of pricing, demand, and even how products are manufactured. For example, interest rates affect economic factors, Wal-Martââ¬â¢s low prices contribute to its social factors, and value chin distribution to enhance their technological factors. Serving nearly 176 million consumers every year and employing over 1.2 million U.S employeesRead MoreEssay about Death of the American Dream1042 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Death of the American Dream Flashback to the stigma of anti-Communism in the 1950s, communism places extreme emphasis on class divisions, specifically the unfair nature of the upper classââ¬â¢ domination of the working class. To admit class divisions was to invite revolution and socialism. So instead, we told ourselves that, in this country, class did not exist; that a free-market capitalist society permits anyone who wants to improve his socioeconomic status to do so. In his essay Class in America:Read MoreThe Commercialisation, Professionalization And Equity Of Sport1714 Words à |à 7 Pagesreligion, health, social status, gender and home nation. Sport is a universal platform for happiness, revenue and success. Even though sport has made the leap from just love and passion, to revenue and business, sport has never been without its business factors ââ¬Å"Business sport have never been entirely unconnected in Britainâ⬠(Mason, 19888, cited in Horne, 2006: 20). For example, sport can attract audienc e but also sell their goods via the viewing platform. More specifically a great example of this wouldRead MoreCub A Very Amazing Country With An Interesting Culture And History943 Words à |à 4 PagesCuba, he actually thought he was in India. The Cuban Revolution took place in 1959. This led to the downfall of the regime of General Fulgencio Batista. The Revolution refers to the social and economic programs implemented by the new government and the execution of the Marxist policies. Fidel Castro would become the Prime Minister of Cuba in 1959 after many, long, hard fought battles. He was one of the key players in leading the Cuban Revolution to success. Home to nearly 11 million people, CubaRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Apple Inc1676 Words à |à 7 Pages 4. Leadership/culture 5. Appendix 6. References * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. History on Apple Inc * Apple Inc. is an American corporation founded in 1976 that was one of the early pioneers of the PC and has recently been at the forefront of next-generation devices. In the past Apple was a pioneer in PC technology before losing out to the Microsoft and IBM driven PC industryRead MoreThe Conflict Between Aztecs And Incas1745 Words à |à 7 Pagestaught that the ââ¬Å"real orderâ⬠was established after the colonization, we have to understand that there already existed a consolidated power and order in the region, which in fact, it was a key factor for the widespread of Spanish power. As Charles Jones established in his article Hierarchy and Resistance in American State-Systems the dispute between Aztecs and Incas to maintain status and consolidate the concentration of power in the continent allowed the formalization of alliances and with the SpanishRead MoreApple s Vision : Apple Inc.935 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. It was established on Apr 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer. Its online services include iCloud, iTunes Store, and AppRead MoreLabor Unions Essay1471 Words à |à 6 Pagesprospective on the need for unions during the industrial revolution. Both sides of the argument can usually agree that working conditions were unsafe and compensation was unjust in the early history of labor unions. Many works of scholarly writing provides evidence of the need for unionization in the mid-19th century in America. The basis of todayââ¬â¢s oppositionââ¬â¢s argument is that unions have outgrown their usefulness and can be harmful to American businesses and the economy as a whole. The oppositionââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Characteristics of the Nation-State and Transnational Entities1343 Words à |à 6 Pagesorganized government, territory, and population. Self-rule implies that nation-states rule themselves. They are free and not colonies of some other country. For example, the U.S. was a colony of Great Britain until the American Revolution. As a consequence of the American Revolution, the United States formed a nation-state. Organized government is the manner in which nation-states rule themselves. For example, the government of the U.S. is organized into three branches: executive, legislative, and
Monday, December 9, 2019
Spotify Case Study free essay sample
The Premium model Give your service away for free, possibly ad supported but maybe not, acquire a lot of customers very efficiently then offer premium priced value added services or an enhanced version of your service to your customer base. Fred Wilson, (2006). Premium is a word which appeared for the first time on the Fred Willows Blob :www. PVC. Com, 2006). The word is a contraction of Free and Premium, which means offering premium subscription and enables at the same time another kind of users to listen to streaming music for free.According to the Co-Founder of the Hub Copenhagen Peter Forbore (2012), the Premium business model is based on the Med expansion of a free offer to reach a large customers database and subsequently generate incomes by selling a Premium offer to a number of specific users. Contrary o the original meaning of its name may suggest, the primary goal of Premium is to generate profit and not distribute a product or service for free. The Premium business model is based on a famous concept of micro-economics: the theory of the economy of scale; the lower the price is, the higher the production and the cost advantages will be.In other words, With the Premium model, we increase the offer of the service by lowering its price to make it free. Thus, we maximize the demand for the good that will be an additional service feature (the Premium subscription). According to the author David E. OConnor (2004), A decrease in the price of a complementary good will cause an increase in demand for the related good and vice eras. Therefore, the user can test the offer and assess if the asking price for the Premium service for example, is in agreement with the utility that will take back. 2. He Porters Model: Competitive Advantage introduces the concept of the value chain, a general Framework for thinking strategically about the activities involved in any business and assessing their relative cost and role in differentiation. Michael Porter, (1985). Negotiation power of clients: As a company in the streaming music Industry, it is essential to have a competitive advantage in order to stay in the run. Indeed, a big competition is established between all the companies which are using more or less the same business model. In the streaming music Industry, it is easier for clients to make implicit bargaining.Indeed, the more subscribers a company has, the more music labels will be in service for users and the company will be more competitive. Spottily understood very well that is really important to have an advantage compare to the competitive companies: Indeed, the company has a partnership with Backbone which push customers, when they subscribe to use Spottily (even for a free use), to create a Backbone account or to log in on the website. With this business strategy, Spottily expands its notoriety on the Backbone website, because users can share their plastic with Backbone friends.Finally, Spottily offers three different products categories, (Free, Unlimited and Premium), which drives customers to be less able to bargain as many options open to them with a real choice of music and services. Negotiation power of suppliers: advertising agencies and sponsors. It is the same as for customers but from the other side: the more subscribers you have, the more renowned your company will be and Ho will have a lot of suppliers interested in your business. The advertising that Backbone make for Spottily is one of the best ways to have more subscribers in a long- term.If the company has more users, it will definitely be more music labels to offer on the website. Over the business of musical choices, Spottily will have more subscribers: this is called a virtuous circle. Threat of substitute products: Go faster than the music. This is exactly what happens in each Industry where everything is moving so fast. Clients, companies, music, technology and innovation are changing every day; it could be possible to see in few months substitute ideas of the streaming music, like streaming music replaced CD sales few years ago.With this kind of market, Spottily has managed to make a name in the streaming music industry, distinguishing itself from others and getting closer every year more and more from the Leader. The music library of the company is growing each year and attracts more and more subscribers. Wreath of new competitors: or avoid the entry of new competitors, the actual companies on the market have to put barriers to strengthen their image, investments, notoriety and to fight against new entrances.Nowadays, a new entrant in the industry can hardly hamper the reputation of Spottily; indeed, with three different categories of products (Premium, Unlimited, and Premium), a partnership with Backbone, a growing music library, and the possibility to share plastic with friends, the company tri es to find competitive advantages to differentiate itself from competitors. Competitively, Rivalry: In this market, the rivalry is defined by the desire to have always more than other firms: more advertising, more music labels, more music library, and more options for customers.The problem is that in always wanting more, it happens so-called discomposes of scale. Therefore, the more a company tries to develop and grow against its competitors, at a specific time this will lead to an increase in cost of production. By definition, if production costs increase, the company must increase its prices and therefore increase sales offers to customers. In the case of Spottily, the many has a real interesting strategy, because it combines cost savings, competitive offers, economies of scale, increase in users, increase in number of available music tracks and interesting partnership with giant.According to Michael Porter, if a company gets to go against all these threats that exist on the market and finally find true competitive advantage, the company can only be successful. Competitive advantage? Spottily can achieve real competitive advantages because it is a company which had the idea to use social networks, one of the most used tools in the world. Indeed, as Mitten before, in contrast of the others streaming music websites, new Spottily subscribers have to be on Backbone to sign-up on Spottily website.Otherwise, this strategy helps to rejuvenate the brand image of the website, to make it more competitive, because each user can share their playbills on Backbone in order to itself from others who only offer to like their Backbone pages. Moreover, this tool allows introduce new artists and therefore to advertise these artists still unknown to the general public. This is one of the most interesting ways to do advertising. Spottily evolved with the society and as we all know the music industry is one of the markets Inhere everything evolves very quickly and a company created a year ago may have disappeared after six months. . Recommendations: According to the Wall Street Journal (201 1), Spottily had big loss in 2011, with more than $59 million of losses on about $245 million in revenues. Even for a start-up, these kinds of losses are really important and it is so different regarding the notoriety of Spottily since its launch in 2008. The company is aware of its losses, but not discouraged, however, and continues to grow. One of the key recommendations that could be made is that Spottily rethink its strategy in a profit point of view. In fact, the company has net revenue very important each year but lost money in things like royalties.Indeed, according to Sam Handmade, founder and CEO of the company Provisos, the biggest problem of the start-up is that every dollar she earns as revenue, 98 cents are paid in royalties. Seen in this light, we recommend Spottily to Increase the price of subscriptions for the Premium option, because the company cannot stop paying royalties, or cannot increase the number of advertisements teens each song (this option would undermine the influence on the website because too much commercials would make it impossible to read music).Conclusion: As a conclusion, Spottily is a company who reached its target in five years and succeeded to establish its strategy and its business model in a really competitive market. As a start-up, the company had to manage competitive advantage t o optimism its growth and build its notoriety. The streaming music Industry is one of the most competitive markets, with more than a hundred of streaming music services around the world. Be renowned in such competitive market is to be different from competitors in order to achieve more profits, more subscriptions and better music labels.The Information and Communication of Technologies (ACT) of Spottily could be improved in the future. The treatment of the music on the Spottily website provided to users could be improved to expand the number of subscribers. It could be a real competitive advantage. In addition, the dissemination of music on his website can also be improved by offering even more music labels and reducing such parasites Inch inhibit listening subscribers.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Othello - Analysis Of Iago Essays - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio
Othello - Analysis of Iago Shakespeare's Iago is one of Shakespeare's most complex villains. At first glance Iago's character seems to be pure evil. However, such a villain would distract from the impact of the play and would be trite. Shakespeare to add depth to his villain makes him amoral, as opposed to the typical immoral villain. Iago's entire scheme begins when the "ignorant, ill-suited" Cassio is given the position he desired. Iago is consumed with envy and plots to steal the position he feels he most justly deserves. Iago deceives, steals, and kills to gain that position. However, it is not that Iago pushes aside his conscience to commit these acts, but that he lacks a conscience to begin with. Iago's amorality can be seen throughout the play and is demonstrated by his actions. For someone to constantly lie and deceive one's wife and friends, one must be extremely evil or, in the case of Iago, amoral. In every scene in which Iago speaks one can point out his deceptive manner. Iago tricks Othello into beleiving that his own wife is having an affair, without any concrete proof. Othello is so caught up in Iago's lies that he refuses to believe Desdemona when she denies the whole thing. Much credit must be given to Iago's diabolical prowess which enables him to bend and twist the supple minds of his friends and spouse. In today's society Iago would be called a psychopath without a conscience not the devil incarnate. Iago also manages to steal from his own friend without the slightest feeling of guilt. He embezzles the money that Roderigo gives him to win over Desdemona. When Roderigo discovers that Iago has been hoarding his money he screams at Iago and threatens him. However, when Iago tells him some fanciful plot in order to capture Desdemona's heart Roderigo forgets Iago's theft and agrees to kill Cassio. Iago's keen intellect is what intrigues the reader most. His ability to say the right things at the right time is what makes him such a successful villain. However, someone with a conscience would never be able to keep up such a ploy and deceive everyone around him. This is why it is necessary to say that Iago is amoral, because if you don't his character becomes fictional and hard to believe. At the climactic ending of the play, Iago's plot is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago sees his wife as an obstacle and a nuisance so he kills her. He kills her not as much out of anger but for pragmatic reasons. Emilia is a stumbling block in front of his path. She serves no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iago's merciless taking of Emilia's and Roderigo's lives is another proof of his amorality. If one looks in modern day cinema, one will see the trite villain, evil to the core. Shakespeare took his villains to a higher level. He did not make them transparent like the villains of modern cinema. He gave his villains depth and spirit. Iago is a perfect example of "Shakespeare's villain." His amorality and cynicism give, what would be a very dull character, life.
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